Antirreligión

La antirreligión es la oposición a la religión. Puede tratarse de un sentimiento negativo hacia religiones organizadas convencionales o extenderse hasta incluir cualquier forma de creencia en algo sobrenatural o divino.

La antirreligión se distingue del ateísmo (la ausencia de la creencia en dioses), del antiteísmo (la oposición a la creencia en dioses) y del anticlericalismo (la oposición a la influencia de las religiones organizadas en la política y en la sociedad), aunque una misma persona puede entrar en más de una categoría.

Personas antirreligiosas notables

Annie Laurie Gaylor, cofundadora de Freedom From Religion Foundation.
Ayn Rand, escritora y filósofa fundadora de la escuela objetivista de la metafísica.
Bertrand Russell, filósofo agnóstico y lógico[1]
Brandon Boyd, cantante de la banda Incubus.[2][3]
Catherine Fahringer, activista en Texas por la separación de la Iglesia y el Estado en los Estados Unidos.
Christopher Hitchens, autor del libro Dios no es bueno: cómo la religión lo envenena todo.
Elton John, músico británico y activista gay.[4]
Enver Hoxha, presidente de la República Popular de Albania, único estado oficialmente ateo durante su existencia.[5]
David Hume, filósofo escéptico : la razón humana es claramente inadecuada para hacer suposiciones sobre lo divino, incluso a través del razonamiento o la observación de la naturaleza.[6]
Friedrich Nietzsche. Escritor con declaraciones anticristianas en muchas de sus obras como El Anticristo. Pensaba que la moralidad cristiana era producto de una transmutación de valores contra las clases judías que se opusieron a las leyes romanas y, por tanto, producto del resentimiento y deseo de devaluación de las cosas de este mundo que desprecian. Famoso por su frase Dios ha muerto.
Georges Bataille, surrealista influenciado por Nietzsche, sostenía que la civilización occidental moderna se caracterizaba por el mito de la ausencia de mitos.
Harlan Ellison, escritor de ciencia ficción. Acuña la frase La religión es el último vestigio de la barbarie.
Harvey Milk, activista por los derechos de los gays. La religión es peligrosa[7] y una perversión.[8]
John Dewey, filósofo empírico estadounidense, pensaba que ni la religión ni la metafísica proveen de valores morales o sociales legítimos.[9]
Kerry King - guitarrista de la banda de thrash metal Slayer, con letras satánicas y antirreligiosas.
Max Stirner. Educador y filósofo alemán cuyas posturas profundizan en el egoísmo o solipsismo moral.
Michel Onfray, filósofo anarquista francés.
Richard Dawkins, ateo, biólogo y escritor. En su ensayo El espejismo de Dios critica la creencia en Dios.[10]
Sam Harris, autor y científico. La moderación religiosa nos ampara del fundamentalismo.[11]
Steven Pinker, científico cognitivista.[12]
Tomás Garrido, político mexicano, gobernador de Tabasco. Tenía un grupo antirreligioso llamado Camisas Rojas y fue descartado para suceder a Lázaro Cárdenas en la Presidencia en las elecciones de 1940.
Thomas Paine, político y revolucionario estadounidense, escritor de los derechos del hombre donde expresaba ideas laicistas.
Vladimir Lenin, como la mayoría de los marxistas, pensaba que la religión es órgano de la burguesía utilizada para el amparo de la explotación de la clase obrera.[13]
William Blake, poeta y pintor muy espiritual, veía la religión organizada como un estamento opresor.

Organizaciones antirreligiosas

Rational Response Squad (Brigada de respuesta racional), grupo de antiteístas americanos y lobby ateo. Famosos por su Blasphemy Challenge en Youtube. Web oficial
Sociedad de los Sin Dios, organización de voluntarios antirreligiosos soviéticos entre 1925 y 1947.

Véase también

Referencias

"I think all the great religions of the world - Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, Islam and Communism - both untrue and harmful. It is evident as a matter of logic that, since they disagree, not more than one of them can be true. ... I am as firmly convinced that religions do harm as I am that they are untrue." Bertrand Russell, 1957, from My Religious Reminiscences reprinted in The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell Archivado el 5 de diciembre de 2008 en Wayback Machine.
Brandon on his song meanings Archivado el 3 de febrero de 2009 en Wayback Machine. Favorite things is my personal beliefs about religion and how it oppresses the things I enjoy the most. Unfortunately, the simplest things, such as thinking for myself, creating my own reality and being whatever the hell I want to be each day of my life, are a sin. To be a good Christian basically means to give up the reigns of your life and let some unseen force do it for you.
Interview with Brandon Boyd of Incubus "The energy I have experienced has definitely been feminine at its core. At the same time though, I've come to the conclusion that by putting a type of sex on it, one way or the other, you limit the energy. At this point, it, stressing the word "it," is far beyond my capability."
Said he "would ban organized religion (except for the Roman Catholic Church and Metropolitan Community Church" because it "promotes the hatred and spite against gays" and "doesn't work."
Established the first instance of official state atheism where possession of religious objects such as a Qur'an or a Bible led to prison sentences.
D. Hume, Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 1779.
California Legislature Approves Gay Day in Public Schools
What's the Matter with California?
"Dewey felt that science alone contributed to 'human good,' which he defined exclusively in naturalistic terms. He rejected religion and metaphysics as valid supports for moral and social values, and felt that success of the scientific method presupposed the destruction of old knowledge before the new could be created. ... (Dewey, 1929, pp. 95, 145) "William Adrian, TRUTH, FREEDOM AND (DIS)ORDER IN THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, Christian Higher Education', 4:2, 145-154
Many of us saw religion as harmless nonsense. Beliefs might lack all supporting evidence but, we thought, if people needed a crutch for consolation, where's the harm? September 11th changed all that. Revealed faith is not harmless nonsense, it can be lethally dangerous nonsense. Dangerous because it gives people unshakeable confidence in their own righteousness. Dangerous because it gives them false courage to kill themselves, which automatically removes normal barriers to killing others. Dangerous because it teaches enmity to others labelled only by a difference of inherited tradition. And dangerous because we have all bought into a weird respect, which uniquely protects religion from normal criticism. Let's now stop being so damned respectful! The Guardian, 2001-10-11 "Has the world changed?." The Guardian. Accessed 2006-01-29.
"We desperately need a public discourse that encourages critical thinking and intellectual honesty. Nothing stands in the way of this project more than the respect we accord religious faith.", S. Harris, Letter to a Christian Nation, 2006.
"[T]he Bible, contrary to what a majority of Americans apparently believe, is far from a source of higher moral values. Religions have given us stonings, witch-burnings, crusades, inquisitions, jihads, fatwas, suicide bombers, gay-bashers, abortion-clinic gunmen, and mothers who drown their sons so they can happily be united in heaven." The Evolutionary Psychology of Religion, presentation by Steven Pinker to the annual meeting of the Freedom from Religion Foundation, Madison, Wisconsin, October 29, 2004, on receipt of “The Emperor’s New Clothes Award.”
"Religion is the opium of the people: this saying of Marx is the cornerstone of the entire ideology of Marxism about the religion. All modern religions and churches, all and of every kind of religious organizations are always considered by Marxism as the organs of bourgeois reaction, used for the protection of the exploitation and the stupefaction of the working class."Lenin, V. I. «About the attitude of the working party toward the religion.». Collected works, v. 17, p.41. Archivado desde el original el 20 de julio de 2011. Consultado el 9 de septiembre de 2006.

Datos: Q565005

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[1] "I think all the great religions of the world - Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, Islam and Communism - both untrue and harmful. It is evident as a matter of logic that, since they disagree, not more than one of them can be true. ... I am as firmly convinced that religions do harm as I am that they are untrue." Bertrand Russell, 1957, from My Religious Reminiscences reprinted in The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell Archivado el 5 de diciembre de 2008 en Wayback Machine.

[2] Brandon on his song meanings Archivado el 3 de febrero de 2009 en Wayback Machine. Favorite things is my personal beliefs about religion and how it oppresses the things I enjoy the most. Unfortunately, the simplest things, such as thinking for myself, creating my own reality and being whatever the hell I want to be each day of my life, are a sin. To be a good Christian basically means to give up the reigns of your life and let some unseen force do it for you.

[3] Interview with Brandon Boyd of Incubus "The energy I have experienced has definitely been feminine at its core. At the same time though, I've come to the conclusion that by putting a type of sex on it, one way or the other, you limit the energy. At this point, it, stressing the word "it," is far beyond my capability."

[4] Said he "would ban organized religion (except for the Roman Catholic Church and Metropolitan Community Church" because it "promotes the hatred and spite against gays" and "doesn't work."

[5] Established the first instance of official state atheism where possession of religious objects such as a Qur'an or a Bible led to prison sentences.

[6] D. Hume, Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 1779.

[7] California Legislature Approves Gay Day in Public Schools

[8] What's the Matter with California?

[9] "Dewey felt that science alone contributed to 'human good,' which he defined exclusively in naturalistic terms. He rejected religion and metaphysics as valid supports for moral and social values, and felt that success of the scientific method presupposed the destruction of old knowledge before the new could be created. ... (Dewey, 1929, pp. 95, 145) "William Adrian, TRUTH, FREEDOM AND (DIS)ORDER IN THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, Christian Higher Education', 4:2, 145-154

[10] Many of us saw religion as harmless nonsense. Beliefs might lack all supporting evidence but, we thought, if people needed a crutch for consolation, where's the harm? September 11th changed all that. Revealed faith is not harmless nonsense, it can be lethally dangerous nonsense. Dangerous because it gives people unshakeable confidence in their own righteousness. Dangerous because it gives them false courage to kill themselves, which automatically removes normal barriers to killing others. Dangerous because it teaches enmity to others labelled only by a difference of inherited tradition. And dangerous because we have all bought into a weird respect, which uniquely protects religion from normal criticism. Let's now stop being so damned respectful! The Guardian, 2001-10-11 "Has the world changed?." The Guardian. Accessed 2006-01-29.

[11] "We desperately need a public discourse that encourages critical thinking and intellectual honesty. Nothing stands in the way of this project more than the respect we accord religious faith.", S. Harris, Letter to a Christian Nation, 2006.

[12] "[T]he Bible, contrary to what a majority of Americans apparently believe, is far from a source of higher moral values. Religions have given us stonings, witch-burnings, crusades, inquisitions, jihads, fatwas, suicide bombers, gay-bashers, abortion-clinic gunmen, and mothers who drown their sons so they can happily be united in heaven." The Evolutionary Psychology of Religion, presentation by Steven Pinker to the annual meeting of the Freedom from Religion Foundation, Madison, Wisconsin, October 29, 2004, on receipt of “The Emperor’s New Clothes Award.”

[13] "Religion is the opium of the people: this saying of Marx is the cornerstone of the entire ideology of Marxism about the religion. All modern religions and churches, all and of every kind of religious organizations are always considered by Marxism as the organs of bourgeois reaction, used for the protection of the exploitation and the stupefaction of the working class."Lenin, V. I. «About the attitude of the working party toward the religion.». Collected works, v. 17, p.41. Archivado desde el original el 20 de julio de 2011. Consultado el 9 de septiembre de 2006.